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The Golden Horn ((トルコ語:Altın Boynuz); , ''Khrysókeras''; (ラテン語:Chrysoceras)), also known by its modern Turkish name as , is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey. Notably falcate and anfractuous, this prominent waterbody is a horn-shaped estuary that joins Bosphorus Strait at the immediate point where said strait meets the Sea of Marmara, thus forming a narrow, isolated peninsula, the tip of which is "Old Istanbul" (ancient Byzantion and Constantinople), and the promontory of Sarayburnu, or Seraglio Point. The Golden Horn geographically separates the historic center of Istanbul from the rest of the city, and forms a natural, sheltered harbor that has historically protected Greek, Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman and other maritime trade ships for thousands〔(BBC: "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed" ) Published on 10 January 2007. Retrieved on 3 March 2010.〕 of years. While the reference to a "horn" is understood to refer to the inlet's general shape, the significance of the designation "golden" is more obscure, with historians believing it to refer to either the riches brought into the city through the bustling historic harbor located along its shores, or to romantic artistic interpretations of the rich yellow light blazing upon the estuary's waters as the sun sets over the city. Its Greek and English names mean the same, while its Turkish name, ''Haliç'', simply means "estuary", and is derived from the Arabic word khaleej, meaning "gulf". Throughout its storied past, the Golden Horn has witnessed many tumultuous historical incidents, and its dramatic vistas have been the subject of countless works of art. ==Description== The Golden Horn is the estuary of the Alibeyköy and Kağıthane Rivers. It is 7.5 kilometers (4.66 mi) long, and 750 meters (2,460 ft) across at its widest. Its maximum depth, where it flows into the Bosphorus, is about 35 meters (115 ft). At present, the Golden Horn is spanned by five bridges. Moving from upstream to downstream, these are as follows: # The first crossing is the Haliç Bridge, completed in 1974, which connects the neighborhoods of Sütlüce and Defterdar. # # The second is the now-defunct Eski Galata Bridge, literally ''Old Galata Bridge'', which used to connect the downstream neighborhoods of Karaköy and Eminönü, but was disassembled and relocated upstream between Ayvansaray and Keçeci Piri following extensive damage in 1992 caused by a fire originating in the kitchen of one of the restaurants located on the bridge's lower level. Originally dating back to 1912, the now-retired structure is no longer used for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, but functions as a seasonal outdoor exhibit and event space attached to Haliç Park. # # The third is the Atatürk Bridge, aka Unkapanı Bridge, completed in 1940, which connects Kasımpaşa and Unkapanı. # # The fourth is the Golden Horn Metro Bridge - a pedestrianized railway crossing, completed in 2014, that extends subway line M2 of the Istanbul Metro across the Golden Horn. # # The fifth bridge is the fifth and most current incarnation of Galata Bridge, completed in 1994, that runs between Karaköy and Eminönü. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Golden Horn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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